Bernard Madoff, was arrested Dec. 11, 2008 and charged criminally at federal court in Manhattan with securities fraud in masterminding a massive Ponzi scheme.
The alleged fraud of Bernard Madoff has put the heat on so-called feeders, the giant hedge funds that funneled more than $20 billion to the now-disgraced money manager. But it turns out those players depended on another group of smaller funds and individuals to gather money. The largely unregulated crowd, including accountants, lawyers, investment managers, even doctors, opened the exclusive world of hedge funds to more investors and charged exorbitant fees for the privilege.
A lot of small investors got exposure to Madoff through sub-feeders. The system allowed investors to gain entrée to Madoff with far fewer dollars, thereby expanding his clientele beyond big institutions and billionaires to wealthy individuals of more modest means. Many investors had no idea what they were buying since marketing documents rarely mentioned Madoff by name.
Fees were collected at every level. Investors paid layer upon layer of fees with seemingly little regard for how they ate into gains. Those at the bottom paid the biggest tab and realized the smallest returns; and now only see their investments disappear.
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